Why solvent impurities occur
Deuterated solvents are never perfectly anhydrous or pure. Trace water, grease, silicone oil, and residual undeuterated solvent appear as sharp, reproducible peaks that can be mistaken for product signals.
Identify common solvent impurities in proton NMR spectra instantly using chemical shift, multiplicity and solvent information.
Demo · CDCl₃ · ¹H
Water
Observed 1.56 ppm · singlet
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Matched impurity
δ —.— ppm
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Confidence
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1H interactive spectrum
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Prediction updates as you enter solvent, shift, and multiplicity.
Closest candidates
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Lower-ranked Fulmer candidates (never shown as confirmed).
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Data source: Fulmer et al., Organometallics 2010 · Always verify with original spectra · Report a missing peak
Concepts behind solvent impurity identification in proton NMR
Deuterated solvents are never perfectly anhydrous or pure. Trace water, grease, silicone oil, and residual undeuterated solvent appear as sharp, reproducible peaks that can be mistaken for product signals.
Each deuterated solvent has a characteristic residual proton peak (e.g. CHCl₃ in CDCl₃ at 7.26 ppm). Reference your spectrum to this signal before assigning unknowns.
TMS (0.00 ppm) or the residual solvent peak anchors the chemical shift scale. Impurity tables assume a correctly referenced spectrum — mis-referencing shifts every peak equally.
Concentration, temperature, pH, and hydrogen bonding move exchangeable and polar peaks by a few hundredths of a ppm. Fulmer values are typical, not absolute.
Singlets (s), doublets (d), triplets (t), and multiplets (m) constrain identity. A shift match with the wrong splitting is usually a different compound.
Ignoring water vs grease, forgetting solvent-dependent water shifts, and assigning impurities as product CH₂/CH₃ groups are the most frequent errors at the bench.
A path from impurity check → prediction → assignment
Identify common solvent impurities before assigning compound peaks.
Predict unknown proton environments after removing solvent impurities.
Understand why peaks split into doublets, triplets and multiplets.
Assign ¹H peaks to atoms with shift, multiplicity, and structure.
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